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Abstracts from Recent Issues: Vol. 23, No.2, May 1996
LEAKAGE DETECTION IN LINED SYSTEMS Haluk Akgun, Ph.D., P.E.
ABSTRACT The primary objective of any lining system is containment. In case of double lining systems, the ability to preserve this containment even when leakage occurs through the top liner is available. The design of the system dictates the ability to respond to a problem and remedy it if possible. Consequently, although not desirable, in a double lined system, leakage can provide an assessment of performance which would otherwise be unavailable. Key Words: Single lined systems; Double lined systems; Geomembrane-only liners, Clay-only liners, Composite liners; Leakage rate; Unitized leakage rate; Leachate; Leakage detection and collection system; Leachate collection system
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MODELS: A STATE OF THE ART REVIEW Marianne L. MacDonald
ABSTRACT Many models have been created over the last few decades to assist in developing more efficient solid waste management programs. These models vary in their intent, assumptions, and solution procedures. However, they all have the ability to provide significant insights into the design of solid waste activities. A summary of models developed in the last 15 years is presented along with model characteristics and a discussion of their details. This review focuses on models whose computational structures have been published or formally presented. By providing this information, an understanding of future modeling needs becomes apparent. Finally, a decision support system is suggested to assist in using the models that have been developed. KEYWORDS: Solid Waste Management, Mathematical Models, Optimization, Simulation, Decision Support Systems, Geographic Information Systems, Facility Siting
NEW APPROACHES TO WASTE OIL REDUCTION AND REUSE D.J. Graziano and E.J. Daniels
ABSTRACT A U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored study was conducted to identify and assess opportunities for increasing the recovery and recycle of waste oils. The emphasis of the study was on establishing a consistent methodology that can be used to prioritize reduction, reuse, recycling, and disposal options for waste oil on the basis of energy, environmental, and economic impacts. The resultant "reuse hierarchy" clarifies priorities for future research and development in this area. The following research goals reflect these priorities: (1) increase the availability and effectiveness of collection programs for do-it-yourself and off-road used-oil generators, (2) reduce the volume of lubricating oil consumed and/or unrecovered, and (3) increase the volume of re-refined oil manufactured and sold. As feasible, research should be conducted cooperatively with formulators and manufacturers of lubricating oil; industries consuming lubricating oil; regulators; and used oil collectors, reprocessors, and re-refiners.
STABILIZATION/SOLIDIFICATION OF TRIVALENT CHROMIUM IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION F. Medici and L. Di Palma
ABSTRACT The experimental results concerning the industrial waste solidification/stabilization process achieved by the technology of granulation in aqueous solution are reported in this work. The product's mechanical properties and the amount of trivalent chromium released during the immobilization process have been estimated. The material balances of the process have been also computed and the solidification capacities of the alkaline solution have been optimized. Keywords: Solidification/stabilization; cement; granulation; trivalent chromium.
EVOLUTION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL WITH THE APPLICATION OF M.S.W. COMPOST I. Diaz-Marcote and A. Polo
ABSTRACT The application of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost is of great interest for the restoration of agricultural soils which have been degraded because of current cultivation techniques. This study is based on a field experiment carried out on the farm "La Higeruela", owned by the CSIC in the central region of Spain. The aspects presented in this work are those related to the evolution of the physical properties: stability of the aggregates to benzene and water holding capacity and the chemical properties: pH, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity. In general, it could be observed that the stability of the aggregates and the water holding capacity of the soil tended to increase, whereas the pH, the electrical conductivity and the cation exchange capacity increased significantly. This behavior is very interesting because the immobilization of the heavy metals is assured by the increase of the pH, whereas a higher interchange of nutrients between the soil and the plant is favored by the increase of the cation exchange capacity, which increases the fertilizing potential of the soil. The increase of the stable aggregates contributes to the increase of the fertilizing potential and the stability of the soil in contrast to the phenomena of erosion. KEY WORDS: MSW compost, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, stability of aggregates, water holding capacity.
INTEGRATING MINE PERMITTING PROCESSES: THE USE OF MASTER HEARINGS Barry G. Rabe
ABSTRACT
KEY WORDS: Environmental permits; environmental regulatory integration;
Wisconsin environmental policy; mine permitting; mine regulation; mining.
BUILDING WASTE MINIMIZATION IN HONG KONG CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY C.S. Poon, Xu Yuqing
ABSTRACT With the implementation of port and airport development projects, together with many commercial building and housing redevelopment programmes, a large amount of construction and demolition (C&D) waste is being produced in Hong Kong (currently 25,000 tonnes/day). Although the use of selected construction waste for land reclamation purposes is a beneficial way of utilizing the waste, the disposal of construction waste at landfills and marine dumps has caused major environmental concerns. The landfill disposal option has also expedited the landfill shortage problem in the territory. Government sources indicated that there is an acute shortage of landfill space in Hong Kong and the continuation of disposal of construction waste at landfills would jeopardize the strategic use of landfills for the disposal of the more demanding waste types such as domestic refuse and stabilized hazardous waste. This paper describes a recent research study carried out by the authors on examining ways to minimize the production of construction waste from building sites. The research methodologies include a questionnaire survey, site visits, evaluation of alternative construction technologies including the use of new construction and management methods. The findings of the research indicate that different construction methods would produce different amounts of construction waste. The use of alternative building technologies and management methods can reduce waste production. Key words: building waste, construction waste, waste minimization, Hong Kong |
