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INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR THE CITY OF GREENSBORO, NC: A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL
Shoou-Yuh Chang and Shazia Nishat ABSTRACT
Landfilling is necessary for municipal solid waste disposal but every landfill has its own finite capacity. The most common approach to extending the life of landfills is to introduce recycling, composting, and incineration into the solid waste disposal system. However, no alternative is without cost. Cost minimization is one of the major considerations in planning a solid waste management and disposal system. This research looks into optimization models for the integrated solid waste management program of the City of Greensboro, North Carolina. Collection, processing, operation and maintenance, and monitoring and regulatory costs for each alternative are included. The model successfully identifies the least cost solution. Separate analyses are carried out to evaluate the effect of recycling and incineration. Results show that incineration requires an additional $35.5 million, but extends the landfill life by 4.5 years (2009 to 2013). This translates into a revenue of $12.22 million and the net additional cost of $23.3 million. Incineration with energy sales will reduce costs considerably. Expanding the City’s current recycling and composting programs adds two years to the landfill life and saves a total of $7.8 million and $11 million, respectively. The model results indicate that it is practical and beneficial to implement incineration, and increase recycling and composting programs, even though incineration increases costs. This study demonstrates the benefits of linear programming models in solid waste management planning and was not carried out to influence the City’s waste management decision-making.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A COMPACTED BENTONITE/SAND MIXTURE AS A LANDFILL LINER MATERIAL
Mustafa K. Koçkar, Haluk Akgün, Özgür Aktürk ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the performance of a 10:90 compacted bentonite/sand liner material through performing flow tests for the isolation of refuse in sanitary landfills. The result of a standard compaction test on a compacted sample is presented. The hydraulic conductivity of the sample, as determined through compaction permeameter testing is equal to 9.95 x 10-10 m/s, which satisfies the regulatory required hydraulic conductivity value for a compacted clayey material. Recommendations for further research are provided. Keywords: Bentonite/sand liner; Sanitary landfill isolation
UTILIZATION OF ANKARA CLAY FOR SANITARY LANDFILL BOTTOM LINERS, TURKEY
Haluk Akgün
Robert B. Wallace ABSTRACT
This study aims at determining the geotechnical properties and the compaction permeability characteristics of a clayey soil sample obtained from the Gölbaşı site of the Ankara region in an attempt to assess its suitability as a compacted clay liner. The soil sample was permeability tested at about 3% wet of its optimum moisture content using the falling head compaction permeameter apparatus. The expected leakage rates through clay-only and composite geomembrane-clay liners constructed with compacted Ankara clay were determined. The potential effectiveness of a landfill leachate collection layer was thereby assessed. The results of the geotechnical tests and leakage rate calculations show that Ankara clay is suitable to be utilized as a compacted clay landfill liner material. Keywords: Compacted clay liner; Ankara clay; Expected leakage rate; Leachate collection rate
ESTIMATION OF SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION USING TWO-WAY STRATIFICATION AND OPTIMUM SAMPLE SIZE — THEORY AND A CASE STUDY
Y. Zeng
K.M.Trauth, R.L. Peyton, S.K.Banerji ABSTRACT
The composition of a municipal solid waste stream is important for designing material recovery facilities and developing other waste minimization programs. Successful characterization depends on obtaining representative samples of the collected solid waste and making statistically precise and accurate estimates of component weights. This study is a comprehensive application of sample survey theory to estimate component weights of municipal solid waste disposed of at the City of Columbia Sanitary Landfill in Columbia, Missouri. Geographical and seasonal stratification were considered in the survey. National average variances of waste component weights were used to determine the total number of samples to be collected for the first quarter. The total number of samples for succeeding quarters were then updated using the variances of strata in the previous quarter. The total number of samples was distributed among geographical strata using an optimum allocation method. The estimation of stratified average component weight and its confidence interval are discussed. The methods are illustrated in a case study of the waste stream entering the City of Columbia Sanitary Landfill. The total number of samples required for four quarters are 151, 159, 185, and 117, respectively, for the City of Columbia. The targeted percent error was 20%. The results and new procedures developed will be helpful to solid waste management planners for designing similar surveys in other locations. Keywords: Solid waste characterization, sample survey, integrated solid waste management planning, solid waste composition
EXPANSIVE SOIL STABILIZATION WITH COMPOSTED OLIVE MILL SOLID BY-PRODUCT
Omer Mughieda
Mohamad Al-Widyan
Jamal Al-Momani
College of Engineering ABSTRACT
Wide areas of Jordan soils are expansive; this poses a threat to light weight structures necessitating expensive remedial measures. In Jordan, olive mills solid by-product is produced in large amounts annually and causes environmental problems. This work examines the effect of composted olive mill solid by-product (COMSB) on the swelling properties of two local expansive soils. The experimental work involved investigating the Atterberg limits, unconfined compressive strength, direct shear strength, standard Proctor density, and swell pressure of the two soils treated with the stabilizing material by 2% to 8% by weight. It was found that the COMSB decreased the plasticity index, dry density, and the unconfined compressive strength. It was also found that the swell potential was reduced by up to 56% to 65% and the swell pressure was reduced by up to 55% to 72% with the upper range limits corresponding to Soil 2. Slow direct shear tests indicated that the stabilizing agent decreased the cohesion intercept while the angle of internal friction was increased by up to 45% to 67%. The findings of this study indicated that the COMSB is promising as a soil stabilizer and is a viable option of material utilization. Keywords: Compost, Expansive soils, Olive mill waste, Soil properties, Soil stabilization, Waste utilization
MANAGEMENT OF COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND LANDFILLING OF SOLID WASTE IN SAREIN CITY
Ebrahim Fataei
Seied Masoud Monavari
Seied Mahmood Shariet
Hassan Ali Laghaei
Akram Ojaghi ABSTRACT
Sarein city is one of the tourist amenities of Ardabil province in Iran. Like most other urban areas across the province, this city too, is entangled by the problem of solid waste management. The following research was conducted to find managerial know-how and hygienic disposal methods for solid waste produced in Sarein. Data collections, information produced through sampling, interviewing and field work were the methods used in this research. The physical analysis of the domestic garbage, conducted in a systematic way, was everyday four samples were taken for four running days during every week and the procedure continued in all four seasons and even in New Year time for a period of one year. The number of the samples taken totaled to 80. According to the results, average weight of the garbage produced in Sarein was about 16.8 per day and its density was about 443.78 kg/m3.The physical analysis proved that the composition of the garbage in Sarein consists of plastic, paper and board, food leavings, textile, glass, wood, and horticultural refuse and other things (rubble and dust) with 8.7 – 7.65 – 48.90 – 3.77 – 7.76 – 3.1 and 22.87 percent respectively. Finally practical methods for betterment and enhancement of the present-day ways of disposal and improvement or possible relocation of landfills were advanced. Keywords: Collection, Transportation, Landfilling, Management, Solid Waste
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